The association of hemoglobin A1c with incident heart failure among people without diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study
Schmidt K, Schmidt A, Gro S, Just A, Pfanne A, Fuchs M et al (2024) SGLT2 inhibitors attenuate endothelial to mesenchymal transition and cardiac fibroblast activation
Bastos EC, Barbosa EM, Soriano GM, dos Santos EA, Vasconcelos SM
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Exendin-4 increases mRNA expression of Il1b, Il6, Il22, Il12b, Tnfa, Ccl2, Cxcl1 , and Cxcl2 (innate immunity), regenerating islet-derived protein 2, RegIIIy and RegIIIB (anti-microbial proteins), as well as Il-5, Il-13 (pathogen clearance) within 4 h of administration, returning to baseline expression by 24 h (Yusta et al., 2015), suggesting that GLP-1R activation engages a cytoprotective response
Clinically effective dose