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In addition to sleep, the peptide has been observed to affect electrophysiological activity, neurotransmitter levels in the brain, circadian and locomotor patterns, hormonal levels, psychological performance, and the activity of neuropharmacological drugs including their withdrawal
Statements Author contributions LB, ND, JC, and NR wrote sections of the manuscript
The balance between the two forms is tracked as the GSH/GSSG ratio
Views of aging and senescence frequently highlight a deterioration in mitochondrial health and function with age, and investigations of NAD+ depletion and the associated oxidative stress and damage corroborate these theories (1-2)
Central nervous system Several Sikiric studies have reported neuroprotective effects in models of stroke, spinal cord injury, and neuroinflammation